IV.ReadingComprehension (40points)
SofarasIknowMissHannahwasthefirstpersontogivethebasicdifferencebetweenworkandlabor.Tobehappyamanmustfeelfirstlyfreeandsecondlyimportant.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheisforcedbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoingorwhatheenjoysdoinglowlythoughtofbysocietyasvaluelessorunimportant.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeengotridofthesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoitbutalaborertodaycanrightlybecalledawageslave.Amanisalaborerifthejobthatsocietyoffershimisnotinterestingtohimselfbuthehastotakeitjustowingtothenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.
Theoppositesidetolaborisplay.Whenweplayagameweenjoywhatwearedoingotherwiseweshouldnotplayitbutitisapurelyprivateactivity;andsocietycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornot.
Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshimtodo;whatfromthepointviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointofviewwillingplay.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdependsnotonthejobitselfbutonthetastesoftheindividualwhodoesit.Thedifferencedoesnotforexampleagreewiththedifferencebetweenaphysicalandamentaljob;agardeneroracoppermaybeaworkerabankclerkisalaborer.
Whichamaniscanbeseenfromhisattitudetowardleisure.Toaworkerleisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedstorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittleleisurethantoomuch;workersdieofheartattackandforgettheirwives'birthday.Tothelaborerontheotherhandleisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion(强迫)sothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboringandthemorehoursheisfreetoplaythebetter.
56.Amanfeelshappywhen____________.
A.heissupposedtodowhatisimportantinhisopinion
B.hehastotakeajobtoearnalivingandsupporthisfamily
C.heisdoingsomethingpersonallyinterestingandsociallyvaluable
D.whatheenjoysdoingiswhathethinkshighlyof
57.Thereasonwhyalaborercanbecalledawageslaveisthat________