BriefBiography 　　JohannSebastianBach 　　(b.Eisenach,1685;d.Leipzig,1750) 　　Bornintoamusicalfamily,Bachreceivedhisearliestinstructionfromhisfather.Afterhisfather'sdeathin1695,BachmovedtoOhrdruf,wherehelivedandstudiedorganwithhisolderbrotherJohannChristoph.HealsoreceivedaneducationatschoolsinEisenach,Ohrdruf,andLüneburg.Bach'sfirstpermanentpositionswereasorganistinArnstadt(1703-1707)andMühlhausen(1707-1708).Duringtheseyears,heperformed,composedtaught,anddevelopedaninterestinorganbuilding.From1708-1717hewasemployedbyDukeWilhelmErnstofWeimar,firstascourtorganist,andafter1714,asconcertmaster.Duringthisperiod,hecomposedmanyofhisbestorgancompositions;inhiscapacityasconcertmaster,hewasalsoexpectedtoproduceacantataeachmonth.InWeimar,Bach'sstylewasinfluencedbyhisstudyofnumerousItaliancompositions(especiallyVivaldiconcertos). 　　Bach'snextposition,asMusicDirectorforthePrinceLeopoldofCüthen(1717-1723),involvedentirelydifferentactivities.SincethecourtchapelwasCalvinist,therewasnoneedforchurchcompositions;BachprobablyusedtheCüthenorgansonlyforteachingandpractice.Hisnewworkswereprimarilyforinstrumentalsoloorensemble,tobeusedascourtentertainmentorforinstruction.AmongtheimportantcompositionsatCüthenweretheBrandenburgConcertos,thefirstvolumeofDaswohltemperirteClavier(TheWell-TemperedClavier),the"French"and"English"Suitesforharpsichord(althoughthe"English"SuitesmaybefromtheWeimarperiod),andmostofthesonatasandsuitesforotherinstruments.Bachalsocomposedafewcantatasforspecialoccasions(birthdaysandNewYears). 　　In1723,BachwasappointedcantorattheSt.ThomasChurchandSchool,andDirectorofMusicforLeipzig,positionswhichheretainedfortherestofhiscareer.Hisofficialdutiesincludedthereponsibilityofoverseeingthemusicinthefourprincipalchurchesofthecity,andorganizingothermusicaleventssponsoredbythemunicipalcouncil.Fortheseperformances,heusedpupilsfromtheSt.ThomasSchool,thecity'sprofessionalmusicians,anduniversitystudents.Bachdividedhissingersintofourchoirs(oneforeachofthefourmainchurches);hepersonallyconductedthefirstchoir,whichsangonalternateSundaysatSt.ThomasandSt.Nicholas.Hisusualperforminggroupconsistedofaroundsixteensingersandeighteeninstrumentalists,althoughthesenumberscouldbeaugmentedforspecialoccasions.DuringhisfirstsixyearsinLeipzig(1723-1729),Bach'smostimpressivecompositionswerehissacredcantatas(fouryearlycycles),andtheSt.JohnandSt.MatthewPassions.BachapparentlygavevirtuosoorganrecitalsinLeipzigandonvarioustours,althoughhehadnoofficialpositionasorganistinLeipzig. 　　从google里搜出来的,内容相当丰富.youcanfindmoreintheattachedwebsite.