Fishhavedifferentpersonalitieswhichchangeastheyexperiencelife’shighsandlows．accordingtoBritishbiologists．

Researchersidentifieddifferent“personalities”intheirfishbyobservingtheboldnessorshynessofindividuals，accordingtoTheNature．Likepeople，somefishareveryconfidentinthefaceofnovelty(新奇事物)orconflict；whileothersaresilentandfear．

Thescientistsselectedparticularlyboldandshyrainbowtrout，andtestedwhethertheychangedtheiroutlookdependingonwhatlifethrewatthem．Theyarrangedsomefishtofightandothersto watchto seehowboththeparticipants and observers respondedtovictories anddefeats．Winningorlosingafight，orevenwatchingfellowfishovercomethedifficultiesinfluencedthefuturebehaviorofthecreaturesstudiedinthelab．

Theresearchersmadefishcompetewithmuchlargerorsmalleropponents．toensurethattheywouldwinorlosetheirfights．Theseboldfishthatwontheirfightstendedtobeevenbolderwhenlaterpresentedwith anovelfood item；losingtheirfightcausedthemtobe muchmorecautious．

Fishalsolearnbywatchingothers．Boldfishwatchingashyfishexploringamysteryobjectweremuchmorenervouswhenlatergivenanoveltyitemforthemselves．

Predictably，shyfishthatwonafightalsogainedmoreconfidence，butsurprisingly，shyfishthatlosttheirfightsalsogrewbolderwhenexploringstrangenewfood，Sneddonsaid，addingthatthiscouldbeduetowhatshecallsa“desperadoeffect”(亡命徒效应)．

Thenewresearchsuggeststhatanimalscangraduallyadapttheirpersonalities．Theresultsechotheeffectsthatlifeexperiencecanhaveonhuman．

1.Whatdoes．theunderlinedword“creatures’’probablyreferto?

A．Fish． B．Participants． C．Observers． D．Researchers．

2.Thethirdparagraphofthetextismainlyabout—————．

A．aconclusionoftheresearch

B．anexplanationoffishcharacters

C．astatementoftheexperiment

D．adescriptionoffishfights

3.Whatcanweknowfromtheresearch?

A．Boldlosingfishbecome—ebolderwhenpresentedWithanovelfooditem．

B．Losingtheirfightscausestheboldfishtobemu