Thisisthefirstmajortheoryinthestudyoflanguageinuse,whichoriginatedwiththeOxfordphilosopherJohnLangshawAustin.Themajorideaofthetheoryisthatthingscanbedonewithwords. 　　1.PerformativeandConstative(行事话语与叙事话语) 　　Austin'sfirstshotatthetheoryistheclaimthattherearetwotypesofsentenses:performativesandconstatives. 　　Iftheutteringofthesentencesisapartofdoingofanaction,thesentencesarecalledperformatives.Andverbslikenamearecalledperformativeverbs. 　　e.g.InamethisshiptheQueenElizabeth. 　　Ipromisetofinishintime. 　　Iapologize. 　　Incontrast,constativesaredescriptonsofwhatthespeakerisdoingatthemomentofspeaking. 　　2.TheoryoftheIllocutionaryAct(行事行为理论) 　　InAustin’sopinion,therearethreesensesinwhichsayingsomethingmaybeunderstoodasdoingsomething. 　　AnLocutionaryAct(言内行为)meansthatwhenwespeak,wemoveourvocalorgansandproduceanumberofsoundswithacertainmeaning.(指“说话”这一行为本身,即发声、说出单词、句子等等行为,言内行为通常表述的是话语的字面意思.) 　　AnIllocutionaryAct(言外行为)isusingasentencetoperformafunction.(说话时,因为言语本身的一些习惯力量而随之产生的其他一些行为,例如允诺、警告等等.) 　　APerlocutionaryAct(言后行为)istheresultoreffectsthatareproducedbymeaningsofsayingsomething.(指话语在听者身上产生的效果.)