海明威《老人与海》 　　TheOldManandtheSeaisanovelwrittenbyAmericanauthorErnestHemingway,in1951inCubaandpublishedin1952.ItwasthelastmajorworkoffictiontobeproducedbyHemingwayandpublishedinhislifetime.Oneofhismostfamousworks,itcentersuponSantiago,anagingfishermanwhostruggleswithagiantmarlinfaroutintheGulfStream. 　　TheOldManandtheSeaisthestoryofanepicbattlebetweenanold,experiencedfishermanandalargemarlin.Thenovelopenswiththeexplanationthatthefisherman,whoisnamedSantiago,hasgone84dayswithoutcatchingafish.Heissounluckythathisyoungapprentice,Manolin,hasbeenforbiddenbyhisparentstosailwiththeoldmanandbeenorderedtofishwithmoresuccessfulfishermen.Stilldedicatedtotheoldman,however,theboyvisitsSantiago'sshackeachnight,haulingbackhisfishinggear,gettinghimfoodanddiscussingAmericanbaseballandhisfavoriteplayerJoeDiMaggio.SantiagotellsManolinthatonthenextday,hewillventurefaroutintotheGulftofish,confidentthathisunluckystreakisnearitsend. 　　Thusontheeighty-fifthday,Santiagosetsoutalone,takinghisskifffarontotheGulf.Hesetshislinesand,bynoonofthefirstday,abigfishthatheissureisamarlintakeshisbait.Unabletopullinthegreatmarlin,Santiagoinsteadfindsthefishpullinghisskiff.Twodaysandtwonightspassinthismanner,duringwhichtheoldmanbearsthetensionofthelinewithhisbody.Thoughheiswoundedbythestruggleandinpain,Santiagoexpressesacompassionateappreciationforhisadversary,oftenreferringtohimasabrother.Healsodeterminesthatbecauseofthefish'sgreatdignity,noonewillbeworthyofeatingthemarlin. 　　Onthethirddayoftheordeal,thefishbeginstocircletheskiff,indicatinghistirednesstotheoldman.Santiago,nowcompletelywornoutandalmostindelirium,usesallthestrengthhehasleftinhimtopullthefishontoitssideandstabthemarlinwithaharpoon,endingthelongbattlebetweentheoldmanandthetenaciousfish.Santiagostrapsthemarlintothesideofhisskiffandheadshome,thinkingaboutthehighpricethefishwillbringhimatthemarketandhowmanypeoplehewillfeed. 　　WhileSantiagocontinueshisjourneybacktotheshore,sharksareattractedtothetrailofbloodleftbythemarlininthewater.Thefirst,agreatmakoshark,Santiagokillswithhisharpoon,losingthatweaponintheprocess.Hemakesanewharpoonbystrappinghisknifetotheendofanoartohelpwardoffthenextlineofsharks;intotal,fivesharksareslainandmanyothersaredrivenaway.Butthesharkskeepcoming,andbynightfallthesharkshavealmostdevouredthemarlin'sentirecarcass,leavingaskeletonconsistingmostlyofitsbackbone,itstailanditshead.Finallyreachingtheshorebeforedawnonthenextday,Santiagostrugglesonthewaytohisshack,carryingtheheavymastonhisshoulder.Oncehome,heslumpsontohisbedandfallsintoadeepsleep. 　　Agroupoffishermengatherthenextdayaroundtheboatwherethefish'sskeletonisstillattached.Oneofthefishermenmeasuresittobe18feet(5.5m)fromnosetotail.Touristsatthenearbycafémistakenlytakeitforashark.Manolin,worriedduringtheoldman'sendeavor,criesuponfindinghimsafeasleep.Theboybringshimnewspapersandcoffee.Whentheoldmanwakes,theypromisetofishtogetheronceagain.Uponhisreturntosleep,Santiagodreamsofhisyouth—oflionsonanAfricanbeach.