D
Beyondtwoorthreedays,theworld’sbestweatherforecastsaredoubtful,andbeyondsixorseventheyareworthless.
TheButterflyEffectisthereason.Forsmallpiecesofweather—toaglobalforecaster,smallcanmeanthunder—stormsandblizzards(暴风雪)—anypredictionbecomesworserapidly.Errorsanduncertaintiesincrease,fromdustdevilsandstormsuptocontinent-sizeeddies(旋涡)thatonlysatellitescansee.
Themodernweathermodelsworkwithnet-likepointssixtymilesapart,andevenso,somestartingdatahavetobeguessed,sincegroundstationsandsatellitescannotseeeverywhere.Butsupposetheearthcouldbecoveredwithsensorsplacedonefootapart,risingatone-footintervalsallthewaytothetopoftheatmosphere.Supposeeverysensorgivesperfectlyaccuratereadingsoftemperature,pressure,humidity(温度),andanyotherdataaweathermanwouldwant.Exactlyatnoonapowerfulcomputertakesallthedataandcalculateswhatwillhappenateachpointat12.01,then12.02,then12.03…thecomputerwillstillbeunabletopredictwhetherPrincetonwillhavesunorrainonemonthaway.Atnoonthespacesbetweenthesensorswillhidefluctuations(波动)thatthecomputerwillnotknowabout.By12.01,thosefluctuationswillalreadyhavecreatedsmallerrorsonefootaway.Soontheerrorswillhaveaddedtotheten-footscale,andsoonuptothesizeoftheglobe.
63.Aweatherforecast____________intheworld.
A.isreliablewithinoneortwodays
B.isdoubtfulbeyond24hours
C.becomesuselessbeyondtwoorthreedays
D.isstillworthwhileinsevendays
64.Usuallythereisaweathersub-station____________.
A.ineverycityB.every60miles
C.betweentwocities D.everyonefoot
65.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Peoplehavenotplacedsensorsonefootapartintheatmosphere.
B.Scientistshavealreadyputsensorsonefootapartintheworld.
C.Everysensorgivesperfectlyaccuratedataaweathermanwants.
D.Groundweatherstationsandsatellitescanseeeveryplaceonearth.
66.Ourcomputerwillnotbeabletoknowaboutfluctuationsbecause____________.
A.thesensorsarenotgoodenough
B.theyarehiddenbythespacesbetweenthesensors
C.they