Ⅲ 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

.第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

TodayI’llbetalkingabouttheinventionofthecameraandphotography.Thecameraisoftenthoughttobeamoderninventionbutasearlyas1727aGermanphysicistdiscoveredthatlightdarkenssilversalt.Usedasacameraabigboxwassetupandasmallholewascutinonesidetoletthelightin;hemadetemporarypicturesonthesalt.Silversaltisstillthebaseofthephotographicfilmtoday.ThenaFrenchscientistmadethefirstpermanentpicturebyusingaspecialpieceofmetalwhichwascoveredwithsilversalt.Aphotographhemadein1826stillexists.

ThepainterDeGearimprovedtheprocessbycoveringthemetalalsowithplacingthecommonsaltwhichwecaneat.Thiswasin1839theofficialdateofbeginningofphotographs.Buttheproblemwastheprintingofthephotographs.Anditwasn’tuntilotherscientistsdevelopedthekindofphotographicpaperwenowusethatgoodprintswerepossibleandphotographybecametrulymodern.Inthe1870’sMatthewBradeywasabletotakehisfamouspicturesinAmericanCivilWar.Inthe20’softhiscenturyGeorgesMannoftheUnitedStatessimplifiedfilmdeveloping(冲洗)andDrEdwardLaneinventedtheso—called‘InstantCamera’whichusesself—developingfilm.Ifwesayphotographycameintoexistencein1839itfollowsthatittookmorethan100yearsforthecameratoreachitspresentconditionoftechnicalrefinement(密度).

1.Whatdiscoverywasthebasisofphotography?

A.Lightdarkenssilversalt. B.Lightdarkensnaturalsalt.

C.Lightdarkenssilver. D.Lightdarkensself--developingfilm

2.Howwasthefirstpermanentpicturemade?

A.Bymakinguseofspecialpaper. B.Byaddingcommonsalttosilversalt.

C.Bygivingaslightcolourtothesilversalt. D.Byusingaspecialpieceofmetal.

3.Whatdoesthespeakerregardastheofficialdateofbeginningofphotography?

A.1727 B.1826 C.1839 D.1870

4.AccordingtothespeakerwhyisMatthewBradeyrememberedtoday?

A.Hewasasoldier. B.Hetookwarphotographs.

C.Hepaint