Anextremesport(alsocalledactionsportandadventuresport)isapopulartermforcertainactivitiesperceivedashavingahighlevelofinherentdanger,andthatarecounter-cultural.Theseactivitiesofteninvolvespeed,height,ahighlevelofphysicalexertion,andhighlyspecializedgearorspectacularstunts. 　　Thedefinitionofanextremesportisnotexact—forexample,althoughstudiesshowthat(road)cyclingranksasthesportwiththehighestrateofinjury,itisnotconsideredanextremesportbecauseitisnotcounter-cultural.Theterm'soriginisalsounclear,butitgainedpopularityinthe1990swhenitwaspickedupbymarketingcompaniestopromotetheXGames. 　　History 　　Theoriginofthedivergenceoftheterm"extremesports"from"sports"maydatetothe1950sintheappearanceofaphraseusually,butwrongly,attributedtoErnestHemingway[10].Thephraseis 　　"Thereareonlythreesports:bullfighting,motorracing,andmountaineering;alltherestaremerelygames." 　　Theimplicationofthephrasewasthattheword"sport"definedanactivityinwhichonemightbekilled.Theotheractivitiesbeingtermed"games".ThephrasemayhavebeeninventedbyeitherwriterBarnabyConradorautomotiveauthorKenPurdy. 　　InrecentdecadesthetermextremesportwasfurtherpromotedbyXGames,amulti-sporteventcreatedanddevelopedbyESPN.ThefirstXGames(knownas1995ExtremeGames)wereheldinNewport,Providence,MountSnow,andVermontintheUnitedStates. 　　Ahistoryofthesportswaspublishedin2004.Amped:HowBigAir,BigDollarsandaNewGenerationTookSportstotheExtreme.Thebookprovidedanoverviewofthehistory,culture,andbusinessofthesportsandincludedinterviewswithathletes,companyowners,andmarketers. 　　对不起啦,没有翻译