一道英语阅读问题
Scientistsestimatethatmorethan60percentofcancerdeathsintheUnitedStatesarepreventablethroughlifestylechanges.Althoughthereisnocertainwaytoavoidallcancers,reducingindividualriskfactorssignificantlydecreasesthelikelihoodofgettingmanyformsofthisdangerousdisease.
TheAmericanChemicalSocietyestimatesthatsmokingcausesnearly30percentofallcancerdeathsintheUnitedStates—thatis,about166,000cancerdeathseachyear.Allcancerdeathscausedbytobaccosmokingcouldbepreventedcompletelybynotsmokingandnotusingsmokelesstobacco.Forthosewhoalreadysmoke,quittingwillreducetheriskofdevelopingcancer.Studiesshowthatafterabouttenyearsofnotsmoking,apastsmoker’srisklowerstoaboutthelevelofthosewhohaveneversmoked.
Afterquittingsmoking,eatingahealthydietisthebestwaytolowertheriskofcancer.Certainfoodshavebeenfoundtoprotectagainstcancer.Amongthesefoodsarecabbage,tomatoes,soyproducts,andfoodshighinvitaminsA,C,andE.Inaddition,greenandpossiblyblackteascontaincompoundsthatprotectthebodyfromcancer-causingsubstance.
Tolowercancerrisk,dietsshouldincludelittleornoredmeat.Otherfoodstoavoidorconsumeinmoderationincludesugar,fatfromanimalproducts,andsalt.Addedfatsandoilsshouldcomefromvegetables,suchasolivesorcorn,ratherthanfromanimalsources.Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)shouldcomefromwholegrains,suchasbrownriceandwholewheatbread,ratherthanfromprocessedfoods,suchaswhitericeandwhitebread.
Theriskofcanceroftheesophagus(食道)increaseswithheavyalcoholconsumption,andmanystudiessuggestthatconsumingalcoholicdrinksincreasestheriskofbreastcanceraswell.Studiesshowthatlimitingintaketotwodrinksadayformen,andonedrinkperdayforwomen,reducescancerrisk.
Lowlevelsofphysicalactivityhavebeenimplicated(牵连)insomecancer.Moderateactivityfor30minutesadayenhancestheimmunesystem,shortensthetimefoodtakestomovethroughtheintestines(肠),andchangesbodycompositionandhormonelevels.Researchersarestudyinghowtheseeffectsmightlowercancerrisk.
78.Whatkindofpeopleincreasetheirchancesofgettingcancer