问题标题：
鸡尾酒的英文介绍~急求关于鸡尾酒的历史介绍,包括在哪里起源,什么时间,鸡尾酒名字的由来,发明者及如何等（where,when,who,how）,另外还有鸡尾酒的种类.
问题描述：
鸡尾酒的英文介绍~
急求关于鸡尾酒的历史介绍,包括在哪里起源,什么时间,鸡尾酒名字的由来,发明者及如何等（where,when,who,how）,另外还有鸡尾酒的种类.
胡刚华回答：
TheHistoryoftheCocktail
Thetruecreationofapopularcocktailcanbetracedtothenineteenthcentury.Oneearlywrittenreferencetotheterm"cocktail"(asadrinkbasedonspiritswithotherspiritsandadditives)canbefoundinanAmericanmagazine,TheBalance,publishedinMay1806.Itstatedthata"Cocktailisastimulatingliquor,composedofspiritsofanykind,sugar,water,andbitters..."
1860to1920–California:TheBirthplaceoftheFirstCocktails
Thecocktail'sfragmentedhistorybeginsinthenineteenthcentury.Oneofthefirstmoderncocktailstobenamedandrecognizedisthemartini.Itcanbetracedbacktoan1862recipefortheMartinez.ThisAmericanrecipeconsistedoffourpartssweetredvermouthtoonepartgin,garnishedwithacherry."Professor"JerryThomastendedthebaroftheoldOccidentalHotelinSanFranciscoandreputedlymadethedrinkforagoldmineronhiswaytothetownofMartinez,whichlayfortymilestotheeast.TherecipefortheMartinezinThomas'1887bartender'sguidecalledforOldTomgin,sweetvermouth,adashofmaraschinoandbitters,aswellasasliceoflemonandtwodashesofgumsyrup.
Amoderndaydrymartiniconsistsofginanddrywhitevermouth,garnishedwithanolive.Obviously,ginhaschangedalotsincethen,whenitwouldhavebeenrelativelysweetcomparedtomoderngins.SomeevenclaimthemartiniwasnamedaftertheMartini-HenryrifleusedbytheBritisharmyaround1870,asboththerifleandthedrinkhadastrongkick!
Whatwedoknowisthatby1900,themartinihadbecomeknownnationwideandhadspreadtotheothersideoftheAtlantic.Thisissaidbysometobethebeginningofthegoldenageofcocktails.Duringthistimeabasiclistofcocktailsemergedandsteadilybecamemoreandmorepopular.
1920to1933-ProhibitionintheUSA
OnJanuary16,1920,theNationalProhibitionActbecamethe18thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution.Thismeantitwasillegaltomanufacture,sell,transport,import,orexportany"intoxicatingliquors."Despitethis,muchofthegeneralpublicstillhadwaystogainaccesstotheillegalsubstance,oftenthroughspeakeasiesandprivateparties.Gangstersfocusedonbootleggingandmoonshine,makingChicagoacenterofbooze,gamblingandprostitution.AlCaponewasthemostnotoriouscrimebossandthepowerbehindtheillegalactivitiesinChicagoduringProhibition.Asagangsterandracketeer,Caponebecameoneofthebiggestbootleggersofalltime.
Thepopularityofcocktailsatthattimewasatleastpartlyduetotheneedtocoverupthebadtasteofsomeofthecrudelyproducedhoochsmuggledbythebootleggers.SomeofthecocktailrecipesusedtodaywereinventedinthedaysofProhibitionascocktailrecipesflourishedintheillegalbars,partiesandclubsofmajorAmericancities.
1934to1959–TheMargaritaisBorn
Thisperiodwasoneofgreatinnovation.Oneofthemostpopularcocktails—themargarita—issaidtohaveoriginatedin1948.ADallassocialitenamedMargaritaSamespurportedlyhostedapoolsideChristmaspartyathervacationhomeinAcapulco,Mexico.ThepartygameforMargaritawastomixdrinksbehindthebarandletherguestsratetheresults.Whenshemixedthreepartstequilawithoneparttriplesecandonepartlime,itwassuchasuccessamonghergueststhatitquicklytraveledfromTexastoHollywoodandtherestofthecountry,bearinghername.
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