马洛 　　ChristopherMarlowe(CristoferMarleyinhisautograph)wasborninCanterbury,thesonofashoemaker.HeattendedtheKing'sSchoolandwasawardedascholarshipfromthefoundationofMatthewParker,ArchbishopofCanterbury.MarlowestudiedtheBibleandtheReformationtheologiansaswellasphilosophyandhistoryatCorpusChristiCollege,Cambridge.In1584hetookadegreeofA.B. 　　InsteadofcontinuinginCambridge,Marlowelefthisstudiestocarryoutasecretmissionforthegovernment.In1587hetookthedegreeofM.A.Universityauthorities,believinghehadbeenconvertedtoCatholicism,werefirstunwillingtogranthisdegree.Itdidnothelphimeither,thathehadbeenawaytoomuchfromhisstudies.WhentheQueen'sPrivyCouncilintercededonMarlowe'sbehalf,thedisputewassettled. 　　Insteadoftakingholyorders,MarlowewenttoLondonandbecameadramatist.Hemadeimportantfriends,includingSirWalterRaleigh,whohadstartedthefirstcolonyinVirginia,andwhowascontendingwiththeEarlofEssexofQueen'sfavours.MostlikelyMarlowebeganwritingonleavingCambridge.Hisfirstdramaswerecomposedinblankverse.ItisassumedthatthefirstpartofhisTAMBURLAINETHEGREATwasperformedinLondonin1587.IntheplayTamburlaineburnstheKoranandafterconqueringtheworldhewantstoconquertheheavens. 　　In1589MarlowewaschargedwiththemurderofWilliamBradleyandsenttoNewgatePrison,butacquittedaftertwoweeks.Itwasnotthelasttimewhenthequicktemperedauthorwasarrestedandjailed.In1592aninjunctionwasbroughtagainsthimbecauseofastreetfight,inwhichamanwaskilled.MarlowewasalsodeportedfromNetherlandsforcounterfeitinggoldcoins. 　　Marlowe'smajorplayswerewrittenbetween1585and1593,amongthemTamburlaine,PartsIandII,andTHEJEWOFMALTA,atragedyandparodyofNiccoloMachiavelli(1469-1527).Machiavelli-orMachiavelasMarlowecallshim-isportrayedastheembodimentofpoliticalmanipulator."IfonetakesTheJewofMaltanotasatragedy,orasa"tragedyofblood,"butasafarce,theconcludingactbecomesintelligible;andifweattendwithacarefuleartotheversification,wefindthatMarlowedevelopsatonetosuitthisfarce,andevenperhapsthatthistoneishismostpowerfulandmaturetone." 　　《浮士德》————作者：歌德 　　JohannWolfgangvonGoethe'sFaustisatragicplayintwoparts:Faust.DerTragödieersterTeil(translatedas:Faust:TheFirstPartoftheTragedy)andFaust.DerTragödiezweiterTeil(Faust:TheSecondPartoftheTragedy).Althoughwrittenasaclosetdrama,itistheplaywiththelargestaudiencenumbersonGerman-languagestages.FaustisGoethe'smostfamousworkandconsideredbymanytobeoneofthegreatestworksofGermanliterature.[1] 　　GoethecompletedapreliminaryversionofPartOnein1806.The1808publicationwasfollowedbytherevised1828–29edition,whichwasthelasttobeeditedbyGoethehimself.Priortotheseappearedapartialprintingin1790ofFaust,aFragment.Theearliestformsofthework,knownastheUrfaust,weredevelopedbetween1772and1775;however,thedetailsofthatdevelopmentarenolongerentirelyclear. 　　GoethefinishedwritingFaustPartTwoin1832,theyearofhisdeath.IncontrasttoFaustPartOne,thefocushereisnolongeronthesoulofFaust,whichhasbeensoldtothedevil,butratheronsocialphenomenasuchaspsychology,historyandpoli