阅读理解
Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomics．Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited．Tofeedalargepopulationpoorlandmustbecultivatedandgoodlandmadefulluseof．Thuseachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation．Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmoreopportunitiesforspecializationsuchasportsroadsandrailwayswhicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem．
Oneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworld-widebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailabilityoffoodandrawmaterials．Inadevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpandingpopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffoodspaceandnaturalresourcesitwillbethefirstconcernofthegovernmenttoplacealimitonthebirthratewhatevertheconsequencesmaybe．Inahighlyindustrializedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex．Adecreasingbirthratemayleadtounemploymentbecauseitresultsinadecliningmarketforproducts．Whenthepressureofthepopulationonhousingdeclinespricesalsodeclineandthebuildingindustryisweakened．Facedwithconsiderationssuchasthesethegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulationratherthanonewhichisstableorindecline．
(1)
A．
lowerproductivityandaloweraverageincome
B．
lowerproductivitybutahigheraverageincome
C．
higherproductivityandahigheraverageincome
D．
hig