阅读理解

Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists．Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited．Tofeedalargepopulationinferior(较差的)landmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively．Thuseachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation．Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorescopeforspecializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasportsroadsandrailwayswhicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem．

Oneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworldwidebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailabilityoffoodrawmaterials．Inthedevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpandedpopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffoodspaceandnaturalresourcesitwillbethefirstconcernofgovernmenttoplacealimitonthebirthratewhatevertheconsequencesmaybe．Inahighlyindustrializedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex．Adecreasingbirthratemayleadtounemploymentbecauseitresultsinadecliningmarketformanufacturedgoods．Whenthepressureofpopulationonhousingdeclinespricesalsodeclineandthebuildingindustryisweakened．Facedwithconsiderationssuchasthese;thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulationratherthanonewhichisstableorindecline．

A．

higherproductivitybutaloweraverageincome

B．

lowerproductivitybutahigheraverageincome

C．

lowerproductivityandaloweraverageincome

D．

higherproductivityandahigherave