Definition:Astyleofmanagementwhereanindividualhastworeportingsuperiors(bosses)-onefunctionalandoneoperational. 　　Thisiscommonlyseeninprojectmanagementwhereanengineer,forexample,reportstothechiefengineerfunctionally,butreportstotheprojectmanageronoperationalprojectissues. 　　Matrixmanagementalsoiscommoninbranchoffices.TheaccountantintheTokyoofficereportsfunctionallytotheVicePresidentofAccountinginheadquartersinLondon,butreportsoperationallytotheRegionalManagerinchargeoftheTokyooffice. 　　Generallythefunctionalreportingrelationshipisstronger,becausethefunctionalmanagercontrolstheindividual'scompensationandevaluations. 　　Anotherdefiniton: 　　Multiplecommand-and-controlstructureinwhichsomeemployeeshavedualresponsibilitiesanddualbosses.Theseemployeereporttooneboss(aprojectmanager,forexample)fordaytodayoperations,andtoanotherboss(thedepartmentalhead,forexample)forfunctionalresponsibilities.Thisapproachismostsuitedtosituationswithfluctuatingworkloads,suchasmanaginglargeprojectsorproductdevelopmentprocesses.Seealsomatrixorganization.