英语翻译

FromNothing,toMonumental,toAgile

Mostsoftwaredevelopmentisachaoticactivity,oftencharacterizedbythephrase"codeandfix".Thesoftwareiswrittenwithoutmuchofanunderlyingplan,andthedesignofthesystemiscobbledtogetherfrommanyshorttermdecisions.Thisactuallyworksprettywellasthesystemissmall,butasthesystemgrowsitbecomesincreasinglydifficulttoaddnewfeaturestothesystem.Furthermorebugsbecomeincreasinglyprevalentandincreasinglydifficulttofix.Atypicalsignofsuchasystemisalongtestphaseafterthesystemis"featurecomplete".Suchalongtestphaseplayshavocwithschedulesastestinganddebuggingisimpossibletoschedule.

We'velivedwiththisstyleofdevelopmentforalongtime,butwe'vealsohadanalternativeforalongtime:Methodology.Methodologiesimposeadisciplinedprocessuponsoftwaredevelopmentwiththeaimofmakingsoftwaredevelopmentmorepredictableandmoreefficient.Theydothisbydevelopingadetailedprocesswithastrongemphasisonplanninginspiredbyotherengineeringdisciplines-whichiswhyItendtorefertothemasengineeringmethodologies.

Engineeringmethodologieshavebeenaroundforalongtime.They'venotbeennoticeableforbeingterriblysuccessful.Theyareevenlessnotedforbeingpopular.Themostfrequentcriticismofthesemethodologiesisthattheyarebureaucratic.There'ssomuchstufftodotofollowthemethodologythatthewholepaceofdevelopmentslowsdown.

Asareactiontothesemethodologies,anewgroupofmethodologieshaveappearedinthelastfewyears.Forawhilethesewereknownalightweightmethodologies,butnowtheacceptedtermisagilemethodologies.Formanypeopletheappealoftheseagilemethodologiesistheirreactiontothebureaucracyofthemonumentalmethodologies.Thesenewmethodsattemptausefulcompromisebetweennoprocessandtoomuchprocess,providingjustenoughprocesstogainareasonablepayoff.

Theresultofallofthisisthatagilemethodshavesomesignificantchangesinemphasisfromengineeringmethods.Themostimmediatedifferenceisthattheyarelessdocument-oriented,usuallyemphasizingasmalleramountofdocumentationforagiventask.Inmanywaystheyarerathercode-orient