Freezingweathercanmeanfrostbiteandhypothermia(体温过低)unlessapersonisprepared.Thefollow-ingisabouthowtostaywarmdryandsafe.
Frostbiteisdamagethathappenswhenskinisexposedtoextremecoldfortoolong.Itmainlyhappensonthehandsfeetnoseandears.
Peoplewithminorcasesoffrostbitethataffectonlytheskinmaynotsufferanypermanentdamage.Butifdeepertissueisaffectedapersonislikelytofeelpaineverytimetheareagetscold.
Ifbloodvesselsaredamagedpeoplecansufferagangrene infection.Sometimestheonlywaydoctorscantreataninjurylikethisistoremovefrostbittenareaslikefingersandtoes.
Hypothermiaisaconditionthatdevelopswhenthebodycannotproduceasmuchheatasitreleases.Signsofhypothermiaincludeuncontrollableshakingveryslowbreathinganddifficultythinkingclearly.Hypothermiacanleadtodeathifthepersondoesnotreceivehelp.
Toavoidcold-relatedinjurieshereisasimplewaytorememberfourbasicstepstostayingwarm.ThinkofCOLD—C.O.L.D.
TheCstandsforcover.Wearahatandascarftokeepheatfromescapingthroughtheheadneckandears.Andwear mittens insteadofgloves.Inglovesthefingersareseparatedsothehandsmightnotstayaswarmastheywouldinmittens.
TheOstandsforoverexertion.Avoidactivitiesthatwillmakeyousweaty.Wetclothesandcoldweatherareadangerouscombination.
Lisforlayers.Wearinglooselightweightclothesonelayerontopofanotherisbetterthanwearingasingleheavylayerofclothing.Makesureouterwearismadeofmaterialthatiswater-resistantandtightlyknit.
Disfordry.Inotherwordsstayasdryaspossible.Payattentiontotheplaceswheresnowcanenterclothing.Theseincludethetopsofbootsthenecksofcoatsandthewristareasofmittensorgloves.
Andherearetwootherthingstokeepinmind—oneforchildrenandtheotherforadults.Eatingsnowmightbefunbutitlowersthebody'stemperature.Anddrinkingalcoholmightmakeapersonfeelwarm.Butwhatitreallydoesisweakenthebody'sabilitytoholdheat.
41.Whydoesfrostbitemainlyhappenonthehandsfeetnoseandearsaccordingtothepassage?
A.Becausethesepartscannot