问题标题:
求高中英语语法定语从句的详解与练习
问题描述:
求高中英语语法定语从句的详解与练习
陆枫回答:
高中定语从句详细讲解
(一)定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.
关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等.
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分.例如:
Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语.
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语.
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的.
Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合.
YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人.
Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略.
MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人.
LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了.
Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长.
注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略.
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
3.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略.
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动.
Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远.
Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书.
Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮.
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔.
Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有.
4.That指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which..在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略.
Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万.
Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?
Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好.
Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季.
YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信.
5.Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语.
Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家.
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友.
Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里.
注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?
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