Thehistoryofnomenclature(命名)inBritainissooldthatnooneknowsthebeginningofthestory.Sincewrittenhistorybegan，peoplehavehadnames.Itisthereforeimpossibletodomorethanguessathowtheearliestgivennameswer|小学英语问答-字典翻译问答网

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Thehistoryofnomenclature(命名)inBritainissooldthatnooneknowsthebeginningofthestory.Sincewrittenhistorybegan，peoplehavehadnames.Itisthereforeimpossibletodomorethanguessathowtheearliestgivennameswerechosen.Mostnamesappeartohavehadsomesortoforiginalmeaning，usuallydescriptive，ratherthanbeingsimplyapleasingcollectionofsounds.

Thesedescriptivenamesdevelopedbothfromnounsandadjectives.TheIrishGaelicpeople useddescriptivenounsandadjectiveswhichweremeaningful.Earlyinprehistorysomedescriptivenamesbegantobeusedagainandagainuntiltheyformedanamepoolforthatparticularculture.Parentswouldchoosenamesfromthepoolofexistingnamesratherthaninventnewonesfortheirchildren.

WiththeriseofChristianity(基督教)，Christianswereencouragedtonametheirchildrenaftertheholypeopleofthechurch.TheseearlyChristiannamescanbefoundinmanyculturestoday，invariousforms.ThepoolofnamesinuseinEnglandchangedbasicallyaftertheNormancamein1066.ThenFrenchnamesofGermanicoriginbecamepopularwithinthreegenerations.AsaresultnameslikeEmma，Matilda，Richard，andWilliam，becamecommoninEnglishnomenclature.AtthesametimeafewOldEnglishnames，likeEdwardandAlfredremainedbecausetheywerenamesofholypeopleorkings；otherswerekeptbecausetheywereusedwithslightchangesbyGermanicnamesfromtheNormanslikeRobert.

Surnamesdevelopedfrombynames，whichareadditionalonesusedtodifferentiatepeoplewiththesamegivenname. Thesebynamesfallintoparticularpatterns. Thesestartedoutasspecific toapersonandweretakendownfromfathertosonbetweenthetwelfthandsixteenthcentury.Thenobleusuallyusedtaken-downsurnamesearlyorthepeasantsdidsolater.

1.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

A.thefirstgivennameshadnotanyactualmeanings

B.peopleprobablyhadnameswhentherewasnowrittenlanguage

C.thehistoryofnomenclatureisshorterthanwrittenhistory

D.namesbegantobeusedlongaftertherewaswrittenlanguage

2.Theunderlinedword“they”(inPara.3)refersto“”.

A.OldEnglishnames B.othernames

C.namesofGermanicorigin D

崔祜涛回答：

　　1.B 　　2.B 　　3.A 　　4.D 　　5.B 　　略

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